SMOX and epilepsy: PA catabolism in brain is regulated by Spermidine/Spermine N 1-Acetyltransferase (SSAT), which catalyzes acetylation of SPD and SPM and polyamine oxidases (PAO, SMOX); these catalyze the oxidation of acetylated PAs to dangerous radicals, such as hydrogen peroxide and propyl aldehyde (3-aminopropanal) causing excitotoxicity, epilepsy, seizure, and astrogliosis [16,17,51,52].