TP53 and dysplasia: As we know, the abnormal expression of P53 and P63 is closely related to tumorigenicity and development.[31] Yasuda et al reported abnormal accumulation of the p53 protein at precancerous stages, such as basal cell hyperplasia or dysplasia of the esophagus, suggesting that p53 mutations are essential even in the early stage of esophageal squamous cell carcinogenesis.[33,34] Abnormal P63 expression is upregulated in squamous neoplastic conditions and may contribute to squamous carcinogenesis.[35]