PAX genes encode a family of transcription factors that play crucial roles in oncologic development[44] The paired box 9 (PAX9) protein serves as a transcription factor responsible for crosstalk between epithelial and mesenchymal tissues.[45] Gerber et al investigated PAX9 expression in esophageal dysplasia and cancer tissues.[46] The results indicated that the percentage of PAX9-positive cells within the epithelium decreased with increasing malignancy of the epithelial lesion. This evidence concerns the gene PAX9 and cancer.