CCL5 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Infiltration of FOXP3 + Treg cells can induce immunosuppressive function of tumor microenvironment and shorten survival of patients with NSCLC.[7,8] However, several studies reported that FOXP3 can be highly expressed in ovarian, and breast cancer tumor cells and corresponding Tregs at the same time.[9,10] A study on pancreatic cancer confirmed that FOXP3 promotes pancreatic cancer progression by directly transactivating CCL5 to recruit Tregs to infiltrate.[11] The role of FOXP3 in tumor cells and TME cells of NSCLC is still being explored.