Additionally, GDM patients had significantly higher level of blood insulin (7.41 ± 11.52 vs. 2.86 ± 3.02, μIU/mL), HOMA-IR (1.53 ± 2.33 vs. 0.53 ± 0.58), and Hb1Ac (5.17 ± 0.44 vs. 5.00 ± 0.31%) compared with healthy controls (p = .026, p = .017, and p = .034, respectively, Wilcoxon rank-sum test) that indicated the dysfunction of glucose metabolism in GDM patients. This evidence concerns the gene INS and gestational diabetes.