Cha et al., in 2014 described how patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and metastatic melanoma treated with anti-CTLA-4 showed both a circulating repertoire enlargement and a loss of T-cell clonotypes, with an overall renewal of the TCR repertoire which evolved during the treatment, along with increased TCR diversity [19]. This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and prostate cancer.