IFNG and neoplasm: Furthermore, intra-tumor levels of several vital biomarkers, including Interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-12p70 (IL-12p70), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), which are cytokines secreted by immune cells in TIME to promote T-cell responses, were considerably elevated in the LGG-MHS + US group (Fig. 7f–i).