IFNA1 and infection: This pathway of translation inhibition is paralleled to IFN expression, but perhaps in the early stages of an infection, in a cell-intrinsic manner.113 A recent study identified the STING–PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)–eIF2α pathway, which represses the translation of cap-dependent messenger RNA, but shifts translation to an inflammatory- and survival-preferred program.