STING1 and infection: To support this, chitosan, a candidate vaccine adjuvant, was shown to exert an increasing effect by activating cGAS–STING signaling and promoting dendritic cell maturation and Th1 cell responses.202 And preclinical data confirmed that STING agonist-adjuvanted vaccines generate potent and durable neutralizing antibody and T cell responses.203 Furthermore, STING is also involved in the infection of bacterial and protozoan parasites, which is reviewed elsewhere.204,205