STING1 and neoplasm: It has been reported in certain cells, STING can induce lysosomal cell death through triggering membrane permeabilization of lysosome.101 Interestingly, in tumor cells, STING regulates cell death through DNA damage response (DDR) independently of its canonical IFN pathways, wherein STING–TBK1 axis stimulates the autophosphorylation of the DDR kinase ATM, with the consequent activation of the CHK2–p53–p21 pathway and the induction of G1 cell cycle arrest.