Moreover, multiple lines of evidence, including in vitro cell migration and invasion assays, ex vivo extravillous explant culture experiments, and analyses of human RM specimens, support the role of KDM5C in mediating trophoblast via regulating TGFβ2 and RAGE expression, which contrasts with its previously described role as an oncogene in studies on hepatocellular carcinoma, prostate cancer, and acute myeloid leukemia. Here, KDM5C is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.