However, IC/BPS patients, with or without Hunner’s ulcers, had significantly higher levels of urine cytokine biomarkers, including interleukin-8 (IL-8), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL-10), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), eotaxin, and regulated upon activation/normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) than the general population [13]. Here, CCL5 is linked to Bartsocas-Papas syndrome 1.