HMGB1 and serum lipopolysaccharide activity: In addition, the Shannon diversity of the gut microbiome negatively correlated with both endotoxin and HMGB1 levels in serum (r = −0.7799, −0.762 respectively), suggesting a less-diverse gut microbiome profile resulting from CYN administration was associated with the increased endotoxemia and HMGB1 concentration in these mice (Figure 3I,J).