In a study conducted by Durant et al., the authors established a cross-kingdom interaction between the host intestinal epithelial cells and B. thetaiotamicron via bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) produced by the bacterium that helped in anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 production, thereby maintaining a “healthy” status in the control group but found to be absent in the IBD patients [77]. This evidence concerns the gene IL10 and inflammatory bowel disease.