BPI and systemic lupus erythematosus: Although, a potential role for BPI in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders has not been described, it has been shown that there is a high prevalence of autoantibodies against BPI (BPI-ANCA) in serum from patients with various infectious, inflammatory, and rheumatic diseases [38], and that its overexpression may induce inflammatory events in patients with SLE [39].