Simultaneously, the persistent induction of glutamine: fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 1 (Gfat1), the rate-limiting enzyme of HBP, in the heart may directly activate the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, which acts as a trigger for pathological cardiac hypertrophy under hemodynamic stress. Here, MTOR is linked to cardiac hypertrophy.