In addition, mutations in Trex1 have previously been shown to be highly relevant to familial chilblain lupus (FCL), retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukodystrophy (RVCL), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (Lee-Kirsch et al., 2007; Rice et al., 2007; Rice et al., 2015). This evidence concerns the gene TREX1 and systemic lupus erythematosus.