We also observed the heart muscle-specific expressions of NPPA, OMD, and PRELP, and their extracellular locations were all predicted to be secreted in the HPA database (Supplementary Figure S5), which provided strong evidence that NPPA, OMD, and PRELP served promising biomarkers of DCM with HF. This evidence concerns the gene PRELP and familial dilated cardiomyopathy.