However, PCa patients will be grouped into IV stage once there are positive lymph node (with or without the confirmation by lymphadenectomy or biopsy) in clinical evaluation, regardless of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value, clinical T stage or International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade group (14), implying the incurability of tumor itself. Here, KLK3 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.