Currently, in spite of the presence of discordant data, numerous researches indicate that circulating miRNAs are involved in mediating the key pathophysiological features of GDM, including glucose homeostasis, inflammation, insulin resistance, metabolic adaptations and β-cell dysfunction (Sliwinska et al., 2017; Filardi et al., 2020; Abu Samra et al., 2022). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is gestational diabetes.