COL4A1 and colon adenocarcinoma: COL4A1 was involved in diabetic tubulointerstitial injury (Zeng et al., 2019) and COL5A2 participated in the progression of uterine fibroids (Giri et al., 2017) and colon adenocarcinoma (Wei et al., 2020), although their functions were not fully understood for GDM development.