AFP and chronic hepatitis C virus infection: Previous studies have reported that AFP [34], the FIB-4 index [17], Mac 2-binding protein glycan isomer (M2BPGi) [35], and GGT [21] are risk factors for the development of HCC after SVR in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Elevated levels of AFP, the FIB-4 index, and M2BPGi are associated with advanced liver fibrosis, which is a well-known HCC risk factor [36–38]; however, it remains unclear how strong these markers are as risk factors for HCC occurrence after SVR among patients with advanced fibrosis.