VCAM1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: There was significant down-regulation (15 to 74) of gene expression with individual components and NS-3 mixture on diabetes biomarkers (IRS-1, SOD-2, GCKR, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, IL-6, IL-8) in PBMCs of T2DM (Figure 10), and in serum values of fasting glucose (11%), HbA1c (10%), hs-CRP (23%), fasting insulin (9%), HOMA-IR (20%), MDA (20%) of NS-3 treated people with T2DM after 24-weeks (Table 11) [34].