Moreover, the lectin-like domain of TNF, a TIP peptide that can enhance ENaC activity by binding to the ENaC-α subunit, improves the AFC capacity and alleviates pulmonary edema in pneumolysin-, listeriolysin O-, and ventilator-induced ALI/ARDS models [34, 84, 90–92]. Here, TNF is linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome.