PIK3CD and carcinoma: Vital mouse models serving as key genetic evidence to identify the imperative roles of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in promoting tumorigenesis have been constructed in recent years, contributing to the comprehension of the signaling by the recognition of whole modules via various methods and supplying valuable information for patients to confirm activation of the pathways in human carcinomas by deep sequencing, proteomics, reversed-phase protein arrays (RPPA) and bioinformatics approaches [25].