Many of the inferred networks represent well-studied pathways in GBM: inflammation (for example interleukin-1–4 and type II interferon), immune-cell chemotaxis (for example colony-stimulating factor and CCL/CXCL) and angiogenesis (for example platelet-derived growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor). This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and glioblastoma.