Based on ASS1 expression, we identified a cluster of advanced ccRCC (ASS1high around 10% of the total cohort of cancers from stage III + IV) in which ASS1 is significantly upregulated compared to stage I + II tumors, consistently with the phenotype observed in 786-M1A cells (Supplementary Fig. 9a). This evidence concerns the gene ASS1 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.