BCAT1 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: All ccRCC cells displayed lower BCAAs levels upstream of BCAT1 with a significant upregulation of carnitines derived from intermediates of the BCAA catabolism, notably methylmalonylcarnitine (log2 FC > 2, FDR < 10−40) and C5-carnitines downstream of the reaction (Fig. 3a and Supplementary Fig. 2f).