In an animal study investigating the effects of isoflurane and sevoflurane in pulmonary and extrapulmonary ARDS, Araújo and co-workers found that in pulmonary, but not in extrapulmonary ARDS, sevoflurane reduced interleukin-6 expression, improved respiratory mechanics, led to increased expression of regulators protecting against oxidative stress and epithelial damage and reduced alveolar collapse to a greater degree than isoflurane [20]. The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is acute respiratory distress syndrome.