In participants with HbA1c ≥ 10%, the DBP was positively associated with log ISSI2 (b = 0.058, 95% CI 0.007–0.110), and SBP was marginally associated with log ISSI2 (b = 0.023, 95% CI − 0.011 to 0.056) after adjustment for age, sex, duration of diabetes, BMI, log TG, LDL-C, log Matsuda index, insulin treatment, oral hypoglycemic agent treatment, ACE inhibitor/ARB treatment, and other antihypertensive agent treatment (Table 2). Here, ACE is linked to diabetes mellitus.