The expression alteration of HOXA5 was unlikely due to mutation or deletion, since HOXA5 had a 0% mutation and deletion rate across five ccRCC datasets (DFCI, BGI, IRC, TCGA, and UTokyo), compared to several genes with high genetic alterations (VHL, PBRM1, SETD2, BAP1 and MTOR; Fig. 5F), further supporting HOXA5 was post-transcriptionally regulated by non-coding RNA network. Here, PBRM1 is linked to nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.