AQP1 and cancer: AQP1 was first discovered in erythrocytes and renal proximal tubules; it has been associated with pathological factors, such as cancer, inability to concentrate urine, and altered pain perception (Murata et al., 2000; Zou et al., 2013; Nave et al., 2016; Nakano et al., 2018; Cao et al., 2018).