It is also well-known that chronic stress can act as a risk factor for the development of MDD through the impairment of neurotrophins signaling such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) (Pittenger and Duman 2008; Guerrera et al., 2020). Here, TGFB1 is linked to major depressive disorder.