An open question remains to understand whether a deficit of TGF-β1 signaling might increase the vulnerability to depression in children and adolescence and, most importantly, whether TGF-β1 signaling might be studied as a new pharmacological target for the prevention or treatment of maternal depression during pregnancy, with a positive effect in the offspring in the context of brain development (Qiu et al., 2021). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is major depressive disorder.