IFNAR1 and staphylococcal pneumonia: Indeed, type I IFNs have been reported to have dual effects on S. aureus infections, with IFN-α/β receptor (IFNAR) deficient mice showing decreased mortality in a staphylococcal pneumonia model (Martin et al., 2009; Parker and Prince, 2012; Parker et al., 2014), while an anti-IFNAR1 subunit antibody has been reported to increase lung S. aureus burden (Spolski et al., 2019).