TNF and Epstein-Barr virus infection: In addition to being assigned in typical dsRNA sensing signal pathway, dif-mRNAs were also enriched in DNA virus infection-related signaling pathways, such as Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection (Figure 5A) (50).