CD4 and neoplasm: Three recent preclinical studies (1 Gy in lung adenocarcinoma model, 2.5 Gy in melanoma tumors model, 0.5-2 Gy in ovarian cancer model) all elucidated that LDRT acts as a modifier of immune response, remodeling TIME, significantly increasing infiltration of effector immune cells including tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells, DCs, NK cells, CD4+ and CD8+ effector T cells, etc., and was superior to either treatment alone in combination with ICB (178–180).