NLRP3 and rheumatoid arthritis: Blood that circulates in the periphery Monocytes from RA patients can cleave GSDMD via the TLR4-NLRP3-caspase-1 pathway, resulting in pyroptosis and the production of a significant variety of cytokines, including IL-1β and IL-18, and are positively linked with disease activity (75, 193).