CTLA4 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Recently, the LUNG–MAP S1800A phase 2 trial reported that ramucirumab (a CTLA–4/vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] inhibitor) plus pembrolizumab achieved improved efficacy (objective response rate [ORR], 28%; median OS, 14.5 months) in patients with NSCLC progressed after anti–PD–(L)1 therapy (48).