Importantly, ADAR1mφ-/- mice showed a remarkably lower inflammation in the skins after bleomycin treatment, as evidenced by the declined mRNA and protein expression of iNOS and IL-1β (Figures 4C, D), which correlated with the attenuated SSc formation and progression in ADAR1mφ-/- mice (Figure 2). This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and systemic sclerosis.