Most patients with TDLs have or later develop multiple sclerosis (MS) and its variant forms, and a proportion will experience a monophasic course or be diagnosed with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated demyelination (MOGAD) or acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), and the clinical outcomes of different disease entities are diverse (2–4). The gene discussed is OMG; the disease is neuromyelitis optica.