After clinical adjudication, we determined that the rate of ICI-associated AKI was similar between stage 4 and stage 3 patients treated with anti-PD-1 monotherapy (1.3% vs. 2.0%, P = 0.49), and was significantly higher among patients with stage 4 melanoma treated with anti-CTLA-4/PD-1 combination therapy (5.8%, P < 0.01) (Figure 1a). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and acute kidney injury.