CTLA4 and acute kidney injury: AKI rates were significantly higher among patients with stage 4 melanoma (27.4% in patients treated with anti-CTLA-4/PD-1 combination therapy, 17.0% in patients treated with anti-PD-1 monotherapy), compared to 7.6% in patients with stage 3 melanoma receiving anti-PD-1 monotherapy (Figure 1a, Supplementary Figure S1).