Many novel mechanisms involved in impairments of CBF autoregulation, MR, functional hyperemia, and BBB integrity have been proposed, such as amyloid-induced PIP2 hydrolysis, 20-HETE reduction, γ-Adducin downregulation, an imbalance of mitochondrial dynamics in cerebral VSMCs and α-SMA positive pericytes and elevations in MMP9. The gene discussed is ACTA1; the disease is amyloidosis.