Therefore, the prevalence of known spatial HIF1α, VEGFA, and VEGFR2 overexpression may explain the impaired endometrial receptivity associated with CE and support the hypothesis that CE is pathologically involved in the development of various endometrial disorders, including abnormal bleeding and proliferative diseases like hyperemia, micropolyps, and hyperplastic lesions. Here, VEGFA is linked to cholesteryl ester measurement.