It was previously shown that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of FMF.19–21 During FMF attack, neutrophils release chromatin structures called NETs, which are decorated with bioactive IL-1β.19 The calprotectin as a neutrophil related protein maybe one of the NET-associated proteins and quantitative analysis of these proteins reflect to NET formation and disease exacerbation. Here, IL1B is linked to familial Mediterranean fever.