KRCC1 and inflammatory response: Our study revealed that 32% of the isolates produced haemolysin which is similar to the findings of Chhaya shahet al 34%,14 but lower compared to the findings of Shettyet al (60%).15 The exotoxin implicated in the enhanced virulence and lethality of clinical infections among UPEC strains is Alpha-hemolysin (Hly) production.16 UTIs associated with Alpha-hemolysin may be associated with extensive kidney inflammation and injury due to it’s cytotoxic nature.