An improvement of the insulin secretory capacity in patients with type 2 diabetes is a therapeutic goal that is difficult to achieve non-pharmacologically, and only a few studies in patients with type 2 diabetes have reported improvements in β-cell secretion following physical training (Krotkiewski et al., 1985; Dela et al., 2004; Solomon et al., 2010). This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.