Several roles of EIF5A have been reported; for example, neuronal apoptosis is regulated by EIF5A/p53 (Li et al., 2004), axonal growth of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons is stimulated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/arginase I/EIF5A/cAMP (Cai et al., 2002; Huang et al., 2007), and EIF5A variants have been found to cause several disorders, such as developmental delay, intellectual disability, facial dysmorphisms, and microcephaly (Park et al., 2022). The gene discussed is BDNF; the disease is microcephaly.