Moreover, we found IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-17, IL-21, IL-32, and TNF-α were significantly associated with NAFL, and IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-17, and TNF-α were significantly associated with NASH. Here, IL32 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.