INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: On the one hand, T1DM patients are in an autoimmune-mediated inflammatory state, producing a variety of inflammatory factors, such as TNF- α, IL-1, and IL-6 (Vatanen et al., 2016); on the other hand, innate and adaptive immunity mediates the production of autoantibodies, such as glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies and zinc transporter 8 antibodies, both of which will lead to the damage of β cell function and insulin secretion (Abdellatif and Sarvetnick, 2019).