Among the common genetic instruments for higher circulating IGF-1 levels, individual variants at the IGF1 locus (rs11111274) and the IGF1R locus (rs1815009) show directionally opposite effects on childhood height and T2D (taller height and lower T2D risk for IGF1; shorter height and higher T2D risk for IGF1R; Figure S4). Here, IGF1 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.