IGF1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Both SNPs are intronic in IGF1R, in moderate linkage disequilibrium in European populations (R2 = 75.5%),22 and are expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) for IGF1R.23 Furthermore, for both SNPs, the IGF1R expression-lowering alleles are associated with higher levels of circulating IGF-1 (p = 7 × 10−7 and 9 × 10−7, respectively; Figure 3)24 and with higher T2D risk and fasting glucose, although colocalization analyses could not confirm that these effects were driven by the same signals (PP3 = 1, PP4 = 2 × 10−6; Figure 3), likely due to the presence of multiple independent signals.