Recapitulating the neuropathological features of human AD, co-immunostaining of GFAP and IBA1 reveals direct spatial associations of GFAP-positive astrocytes and IBA1-immunoreactive microglia with Aβ aggregates, with some of the activated astrocytes and microglia entangled with vascular structures harboring Aβ aggregates (Fig. 10c, d, g, h) indicating prominent angiopathies. The gene discussed is AIF1; the disease is Alzheimer disease.