Overexpression of RAN was associated with induction of EMT (increased N-cadherin and decreased E-cadherin expression) in non-small cell lung cancer cells through a PI3K-dependent and MAPK-independent pathway [33] and mediated the prometastatic roles of the glycophosphoprotein osteopontin in breast cancer [32]. The gene discussed is SPP1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.