ABCD1 and X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy: In our study, we demonstrate that ABCD1-deficient X-ALD macrophages, highly accumulating VLCFA lipid species, have increased expression of genes linked to JNK signalling, such as c-FOS, interacting protein 2 (TRAF3IP2), TNF, IL1B and CXCL8 under steady-state conditions when compared to healthy controls.