Both HSPs and S100 proteins can stimulate production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro and play roles in inducing sterile inflammation in vivo.14 Thus, here we aimed to quantify serum levels of a defined set of DAMPs (specifically, HSP70, HSP60, and S100B), replicating our previous findings in BD15 in a transdiagnostic sample, including individuals with MDD, BD I and II, SCZ, and GAD and a control group (CT). The gene discussed is S100B; the disease is major depressive disorder.