A study of individual CSF samples from 22 patients with melanoma brain metastases and 5 disease-free controls found that Chemokine CCL22 and cytokines IL-1α, IL-4, and IL-5 were reduced in most samples, whereas a subset of molecules including CXCL10, CCL4, CCL17, and IL8 increased expression [144]. This evidence concerns the gene IL4 and melanoma.