TGFB1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Moreover, a multicenter study of fourteen functional SNPs in the TGF-β1 pathway in 166 patients with NSCLC found that BMP2:rs235756, SMAD9:rs7333607, SMAD3:rs12102171 and SMAD4: rs12456284 were significant predictors of survivals [147].