TNF and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Chemokines and cytokines are jointly involved in the occurrence and development of T2D [33, 34], such as serum TNF-α, adiponectin, Growth factor 19/21, Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-18 (IL-18), and C-reactive protein (CRP), which play a central role in the development of T2D.